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ObjectiveTo study the effect of icariin on the proliferative capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line CLC5 and the underlying mechanism. MethodThe targets of icariin were screened out by network pharmacology， and the target network and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network were constructed to predict the possible targets and pathways of icariin. CCK-8 assay was employed to explore the effects of different concentrations （0， 6.25， 12.5， 25， 50 μmol·L-1） of icariin on the viability of CLC5 cells. Further， CLC5 cells were treated with 0， 25， 50 μmol·L-1 icariin， and the effect of icariin on CLC5 cell proliferation was examined by Edu-488 assay and clone formation assay （CFA）. Western blot was employed to measure the expression levels of proteins in the protein kinase B （Akt）/glycogen synthase kinase 3β （GSK3β）/cell cycle-dependent kinase （CDK） pathway in the CLC5 cells exposed to different concentrations of icariin. ResultNetwork pharmacological analysis revealed that icariin may inhibit the hepatocellular carcinoma via cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. Compared with the blank group， icariin decreased the viability of CLC5 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner （P<0.01） and reduced the positive rate of Edu-488 and the colonies in CFA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， icariin down-regulated the protein levels of p-Akt， p-GSK3β， CDK4， and CyclinD1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionIcariin may block cell cycle to suppress the proliferation of CLC5 cells via inhibiting the Akt/GSK3β/CDK pathway.
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BACKGROUND@#Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by multiple mtDNA abnormalities. There is little information about the changes of ocular fundus with CPEO. The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate changes in the macular retinal thickness and optic nerve head in patients with CPEO using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to compare the findings with those of healthy individuals.@*METHODS@#Totally, 18 CPEO patients were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and diopter settings were included as a control group. The retinal thickness of macular central fovea, inner and outer retinal layer thickness of perifoveal macular, optic nerve head parameters, and peripapillay retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) for all included cases were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A paired t test was used to compare the differences in the studied parameters between the two groups. The correlations between macular retinal thickness, pRNFLT, disease duration, and age of onset were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the macular parameters, retinal thickness of macular central fovea (t = -2.135, P < 0.05) and outer retinal layer thickness (t = -1.994, P < 0.05) of patients in the CPEO group were statistically significant lower than those of patients in the normal control group. For the optic nerve head parameters, the patients in the CPEO group showed a larger rim volume (t = -2.499, P < 0.05) and nerve head volume (t = -2.103, P < 0.05). The overall pRNFLT of patients in the CPEO group was statistically significant lower than that of patients in the control group (t = -4.125, P < 0.05). The comparison of pRNFLT in eight sectors showed that the pRNFLT of patients in the CPEO group was statistically significant lower than that of the control group mainly in the inferior and temporal sectors. The degree of pRNFL defect negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = -0.583, P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The retinal thickness of patients with CPEO was significantly thinner, which was mostly the outer retina. The patients' optic discs had a low volume and the loss of the retinal nerve fiber layer was obvious. With the extension of the disease duration, the retinal nerve fiber layer defect was even more significant.
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Background:@#Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) is a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy caused by multiple mtDNA abnormalities. There is little information about the changes of ocular fundus with CPEO. The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate changes in the macular retinal thickness and optic nerve head in patients with CPEO using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to compare the findings with those of healthy individuals.@*Methods:@#Totally, 18 CPEO patients were enrolled in this study. Healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and diopter settings were included as a control group. The retinal thickness of macular central fovea, inner and outer retinal layer thickness of perifoveal macular, optic nerve head parameters, and peripapillay retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) for all included cases were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A paired t test was used to compare the differences in the studied parameters between the two groups. The correlations between macular retinal thickness, pRNFLT, disease duration, and age of onset were also analyzed.@*Results:@#Among the macular parameters, retinal thickness of macular central fovea (t = -2.135, P < 0.05) and outer retinal layer thickness (t = -1.994, P < 0.05) of patients in the CPEO group were statistically significant lower than those of patients in the normal control group. For the optic nerve head parameters, the patients in the CPEO group showed a larger rim volume (t = -2.499, P < 0.05) and nerve head volume (t = -2.103, P < 0.05). The overall pRNFLT of patients in the CPEO group was statistically significant lower than that of patients in the control group (t = -4.125, P < 0.05). The comparison of pRNFLT in eight sectors showed that the pRNFLT of patients in the CPEO group was statistically significant lower than that of the control group mainly in the inferior and temporal sectors. The degree of pRNFL defect negatively correlated with the disease duration (r = -0.583, P < 0.05).@*Conclusions:@#The retinal thickness of patients with CPEO was significantly thinner, which was mostly the outer retina. The patients’ optic discs had a low volume and the loss of the retinal nerve fiber layer was obvious. With the extension of the disease duration, the retinal nerve fiber layer defect was even more significant.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To analyze the correlation between intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration and bony construction parameter and to explore its roles in adult degenerative scoliosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The imaging data of 79 patients with adult degenerative scoliosis from March 2005 to March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed as the study group. The imaging data of 41 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were selected as the control group. The vertebral body and intervertebral height in both sides on frontal X-ray, and the facet joint orientation in both sides on CT scan were measured respectively. The average vertebral body height, average intervertebral disc height and average facet orientation were regarded as bony structural parameters. The quantitative grading methods were used in the intervertebral disc and endplate degeneration. The relationship of bony construction parameter and intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration, and the relationship of bony construction parameter and Cobb's angle of scoliosis were analyzed by comparing all bony construction parameters in both groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Analyzed by paired-t test, the intervertebral height, vertebral body height and facet joint orientation between convex and concave sides of the study group were of significant difference (t = 3.411, 2.623 and 2.085, P < 0.05). The intervertebral height between convex and concave sides of the control group were of significant difference (t = 3.276, P < 0.01), while the vertebral body height and the facet joint orientation were of no statistical significance (t = 1.572 and 1.493, P > 0.05). By linear correlation and regression analysis, the asymmetric degree of bony construction parameter showed good correlation with the score of intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration (-1 < r < 1, P < 0.05), which was positively correlated with Cobb's angle of scoliosis (0 < r < 1, P < 0.05). Linear regression existed between asymmetric degree of bony construction parameter and Cobb's angle (F = 427.342, P < 0.01). The regression function was obtained: Cobb's angle = -8.904+8.136 × IAD + 3.274 × VAD-0.713 × FAD (IAD: intervertebral asymmetry degree, VAD: vertebral asymmetry degree, FAD: facet joint asymmetry degree).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The asymmetric change of bony construction exists in adult degenerative scoliosis, which significantly correlated with intervertebral disc-endplate degeneration and Cobb's angle of scoliosis. The asymmetric bony construction parameter probably plays a biomechanical role in the progression of scoliosis, which maybe the reason for the asymmetric degeneration of intervertebral disc-endplate.</p>